An Evaluation of Substance Abuse Awareness Among Pregnant Women in Jigawa State
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study
Substance abuse during pregnancy is recognized globally as a critical public health issue, with detrimental effects on both maternal and neonatal outcomes. The use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and other psychoactive substances during gestation has been linked to adverse effects such as low birth weight, preterm delivery, and neurodevelopmental disorders (Ibrahim et al., 2023). In many regions of Nigeria, including Jigawa State, socio-cultural factors, low literacy levels, and limited access to quality antenatal education contribute to inadequate awareness of these risks among pregnant women. Despite the known hazards, many expectant mothers may not fully understand the implications of substance abuse due to the pervasive stigma and cultural taboos that hinder open discussions regarding drug and alcohol use.
In Jigawa State, traditional norms and religious values play a prominent role in shaping health behaviors. This often leads to underreporting of substance use and a corresponding lack of targeted public health interventions. Furthermore, healthcare facilities in the state may not have adequate programs to educate pregnant women on the dangers of substance abuse, resulting in a significant knowledge gap. Recent studies suggest that even minimal substance exposure can have long-term consequences for fetal development, yet there is a scarcity of localized research focusing on awareness levels among pregnant women in Jigawa State (Abdulrahman & Sani, 2024).
This study intends to evaluate the current level of substance abuse awareness among pregnant women in Jigawa State by assessing their knowledge of the risks associated with alcohol, drug, and tobacco use during pregnancy. By understanding the gaps in awareness and the socio-cultural determinants that influence these perceptions, the research aims to provide recommendations for integrating targeted health education within antenatal care services. Ultimately, improving awareness is expected to contribute to better maternal and neonatal outcomes by encouraging preventive behavior and early intervention.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the established risks of substance abuse during pregnancy, there remains a significant gap in awareness among pregnant women in Jigawa State. Many expectant mothers are either unaware of or underestimate the harmful effects that substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs can have on fetal development and maternal health. This lack of awareness is compounded by cultural stigmas and the reluctance to discuss substance use openly, which in turn limits the effectiveness of public health campaigns and antenatal education programs.
Healthcare providers in Jigawa State often face challenges in delivering comprehensive reproductive health education due to limited resources and socio-cultural constraints. As a result, pregnant women may continue to engage in risky behaviors without fully understanding the potential for adverse outcomes, including congenital anomalies, low birth weight, and developmental disorders. The insufficient dissemination of information not only endangers the health of the mother and child but also places a long-term burden on the healthcare system. Without accurate data on substance abuse awareness, policymakers and health practitioners are less able to design interventions that effectively reduce maternal and neonatal complications. This study seeks to address these issues by evaluating the current level of substance abuse awareness and identifying barriers that prevent pregnant women from accessing vital information on the topic.
Objectives of the Study
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To assess the current level of substance abuse awareness among pregnant women in Jigawa State.
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To identify socio-cultural and educational factors that influence awareness of substance abuse risks during pregnancy.
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To recommend strategies for integrating effective substance abuse education into antenatal care programs.
Research Questions
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What is the level of awareness regarding the risks of substance abuse among pregnant women in Jigawa State?
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Which socio-cultural and educational factors most significantly influence this awareness?
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How can antenatal care programs be improved to enhance substance abuse awareness among pregnant women?
Research Hypotheses
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Pregnant women in Jigawa State have low levels of awareness regarding the risks associated with substance abuse during pregnancy.
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Socio-cultural factors, including family influence and community norms, significantly impact awareness levels among these women.
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Incorporating targeted substance abuse education into antenatal care will significantly improve awareness and reduce substance use during pregnancy.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in selected urban and rural healthcare facilities in Jigawa State. Data will be collected using structured questionnaires and interviews to evaluate awareness levels and influencing factors. Limitations include potential underreporting of substance use due to social desirability bias and cultural stigma, as well as difficulties in generalizing findings to all pregnant women in the state.
Definitions of Terms
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Substance Abuse: The harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol, drugs, and tobacco, that can lead to adverse health effects.
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Awareness: The level of knowledge and understanding regarding the risks and consequences of substance abuse during pregnancy.
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Antenatal Care: Medical and educational services provided to pregnant women to ensure a healthy pregnancy and safe delivery.
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